vogel



(N0 Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

W. VOGEL.

TELEPHONE.

No. 429,801. Patented June- 10, 1 90.

denim (No Model.) a Sh ets-Sheet 2.

W. VOGEL.

TELEPHONE.

' No. 429,801. Patented June 10, 1890.

(No Model.) '3 sham-sheet 3 W. VOGEL.

TELEPHONE.

No. 429,801. Patented June 10, 1 90.

UNITED STATES I PATENT ()FFIcE.

\VILLIAM-VOGEL, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF THREE-FOURTIIS TO GARY G. CALKINS AND ADOLPH GRAY, OF SAME PLACE.

TELEPHONE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 429,801, dated June 10, 1890. Application filed August 19, 1889?- Serial No. 321,221. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM VOGEL, of Ohicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telephones; and I do here by declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to a novel telephone or device for transmitting vocal or other sounds bet-ween distant points by means of a metallic conductor extending between them.

An apparatus embodying my invention differs from devices for the same purpose heretofore employed in the use of magnetism instead of electricity as a medium by which sounds made in the vicinity of the transmitting-instrument are reproduced by the receiving-instrument of the apparatus.

I have found that a long metallic strand or wire connecting two distant stations between which it is desired to transmit vocal sounds may be maintained in magnetic condition either by permanently magnetizing such strand, if of steel, or by surrounding the same by an electric conductor or conductors forming part of an electric circuit or circuits. In either case opposite magnetic poles are produced at opposite ends of such strand or wire and a plurality of neutral points and magnetic poles established at intermediate points along the same. I have found, fur thermore, that when an armature located op posite one end of such magnetized strand or wire is caused-to vibrate corresponding vibrations will be set up in an armature sup ported opposite the other end of such mag-' netized strand, it being a well-known fact that in the case of ordinary magnets any changes in the magnetic condition of one pole produced by the movement of an arma-' ture or otherwise will result in corresponding changes in the magnetic condition of the other or opposite pole of the magnet.

An apparatus embodyin g my invention consists in its main or essential features of a magnetized metallic strand or wire, which reaches from the transmitting to the receiving station,

I combined with armatures located at opposite poles or ends of said strand or wire. In the operation of the apparatus when the armature at one pole is set in vibration by a sound in its vicinity the armature at the opposite end of the strand or wire is caused to vibrate in unison with the armature at the point of transmission, and thereby reproduces accurately sounds occurring at such point of transmission. In practice the vibrating armatures 6o referred to preferably consist of diaphragms, which are supported opposite and adjacent to the poles of the magnet in the same manner as heretofore common in electric telephones.

The invention above set forth in general 6 terms may be carried out in practice for the use of a great number of different forms of apparatus.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a simple form ofmy 7o invention, showing a single electric circuit employed to magnetize the strand or wire forming the core of the elect-ro-magnet. Fig. 2is a similar diagram showing a strand or wire in which magnetism is induced by aplurality of electric circuits. Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a strand or wire and a series of separate spools of electric conductors thereon. Fig. at is a diagram showing an apparatus.

which differs from that shown in Fig. 1 by 80. 1

having the strand or wire forming the magnetcore arranged to form part of the electric circuit. Fig. 5 illustrates a permanent magnet employed to transmit vibratory motion from one armature to another. Fig. 6 shows a 8 5 metallic strand which is magnetized by a plurality of permanent magnets. Fig. 7 illustrates one practical way of arranging the coils of the electric circuit about the magnet-core. Fig. 8 illustrates partiallyin side view the main parts of one practical form of apparatus embodying my invention. Fig. 9 is enlarged at the section of one of the magnet-pole pieces and exciting-coils therefor shown in Fig. 8. Fig. 10

is a sectional view of a casing or shell which 5 supportsthevibratingarmatureordiaphragm. Fig. 11 is a face view ofthe casing orv shell shown in Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a sectional view taken upon line 12 12 of Fig. 9. Fig. 13 is a sectional view taken upon line 13 13 of Fig. 9. I00

As shown. in the said drawings, Fig. 1, A A indicate pole-pieces of soft wire, and B a softiron wire or strand extending, between and connecting the same and forming with the pole-pieces the core of an electro-magnet.

C O arediaphragms arranged respectively opposite the pole-pieces A and A, and D is an-electric wire or conductor, which is coiled around the pole-pieces A and A, and the wire B connecting them,and isconnected with the opposite poles of a batteryD, said conductor D being insulated in its part which surrounds said pole-pieces and the connecting-wire. The conductor D is coiled or wound in the same direction on both of the pole-pieces A and A and on the intermediate wire B, so that the current maintained in the circuit formed by said wire and the battery D will operate to establish a magnetic condition in the said pole-pieces and the wire, making one of said pole-pieces of north and the other of south polarity. Each pole-piece and diaphragm forms an apparatus adapted either for transmitting or receiving. The connecting strand or wire B may be of any length desired, provided that the electric current sent through the conductor D is of'sufficient strength to maintain in magnetic condition the polepieces AA, and the strand D,which together with the said conductor constitute an electromagnet, having a series of intermediate poles between its ends, as is common in long magnets. 1

I have found by experiment with an apparatus constructed as described that when a noise or sound of vocal or other character is produced in the neighborhood of the one of the diaphragms O a corresponding sound will be produced by the diaphragm C, or vice versa, the reason for this being, as far as I have been able to ascertain, that any charges in the magnetic condition of one of the pole-pieces, due to the vibration of the diaphragm adjacent thereto, are reproduced in the other pole-piece and give corresponding movement to the armature adjacent to such pole-piece, it being well understood that any variations in the magnetic condition or intensity of one pole-piece of any magnet, whether a permanent or electro-magnet, will be followed by corresponding changes in the magnetic condition of the other pole of the magnet.

I have found that it is not essential for the working of the telephonic apparatus of the character described that the magnetic condition in the connecting wire or strand be maintained by the use of a single electric circuit only, but a plurality of electric circuits may be employed for this purpose, provided they are arranged to give 'a circuit around the wire or strand in the same direction and are thereby adaptedto establish opposite magnetic poles in the same. In Fig. 2, for instance, I have shown the main parts or elements of an apparatus similar to that shown in Fig. 1, and having pole-pieces A and A connected by a wire B and diaphragms C and C. In this instance a plurality of electric circuits E E E E E are employed, each of.

able in some instances, is notessential, in-

asmuch as separate compact coils arranged at intervals upon the said strand or wire may be employed with the same practical result. A construction of this kind is shown in Fig. 3, wherein A A indicate pole-pieces and B a wire strand or core connecting the-same. F F are coils or electric conductors surround ing said pole-pieces and arranged in circuit with batteries f f.

F F F are intermediate coils of electric conductors placed around the strand or wire B at points intermediate to the pole-pieces. Said conductors F are arranged in circuit with batteries f f In a construction of this kind the coils F F serve to form in fact a series of electro-magnets having their poles in contact with each other, so as to maintain magnetic condition in the entire length of the connecting-wire even when the same is of great length.

In 4 I have illustrated an apparatus embodying my invention in which the electric circuit by which a magnetic condition is maintained in the soft wire strand or wire is completed through the strand or wire itself. In this instance A A are pole-pieces, and B a wire connecting the same. 0 C are diaphragms arranged adj acent to the pole-pieces, and D is an electric conductor connected with opposite electrodes of a battery D The conductor D is arranged in two coils D D about the pole pieces A and A, and is wrapped spirally about the wire B throughout its entire length. The battery D is shown in said Fig. 4 as located adjacent to one of the pole-pieces A, and the conductor D which extends along the wire B and is connected with one electrode of the battery, has electrical connection with the pole-piece A, while that part of said conductor D connected with the opposite electrode of the battery has electrical connection with the said wire B at a point adjacent to the battery. The part of the conductorsurrounding the wire B and the pole-pieces is of course covered with insulated material, as before described, so that by connect-ing the conductor with the said wire B and pole-piece A in the manner described an electric circuit is completed through the said pole-piece and wire. This construction is of advantage, for the reason that it renders unnecessary the employment of a third wire to complete the electric circuit. This is obviouslya matter of great importance, inasmuch as it enables the telephone to be constructed by the use of two wires or strands only-to wit: the wire or strand forming the extended core of the magnet and an insulated wire wrapped about the same and forming part of the electric circuit. It will be noted in this connection thatI have found by experiment that the passage of the electric current through the wire forming the magnet-core has no efiect whatever upon the magnetic action of the same. I

In Fig. 5 I have shown a simple or elementary form of apparatus embodying my invention, which may be used where the distance between the transmitting and receiving instruments is not great. In this instance I employ a steel rod or wire which extends from the transmitting to the receiving instrument, and which is permanently magnetized so as to form a magnet having opposite poles at its opposite ends and a series of intermediate poles. At the opposite ends or poles of said magnet are located diaphragms which form with the polarized ends of the magnet the transmitting and receiving elements. As shown in said Fig. 5, G indicates a magnetized steel rod or wire which reaches from the transmitting to the receiving instrument, and H H indicate diaphragms which are located opposite and adjacent to the poles of the magnet. When one of said diaphragms is set in vibration by means of sound-waves impinging thereon, the magnetic condition of the adjacent pole of the magnet G is caused to change or vary, thereby producing corresponding changes in thgt o'pPosite pole of the magnet, whereby vibrations are produced in the second or receiving diaphragm with the result of reproducing the sounds made in the vicinity of the transmitting diaphragm, in the same manner as heretofore described.

In Fig. 6 I have shown the elements of a telephonicapparatus of thekind above referred to, embracing an iron or steel wire, which is maintained in magnetic condition by permanent magnets disposed at intervals along the wire. In this instance I I are permanently magnetized pole-pieces, adjacent to which are located armatures or diaphragms J J. I I are intermediate permanently magnetized steel bars or magnets, which are connected with each other and with the magnets I and I by means of wires K K K. The intermediate magnets I I are disposed at such distances apart as to maintain the connecting wire or red permanently in a magnetic state, and by multiplying said permanent magnets and connecting-pieces the length of themagnetized strand between the transmitting and receiving instruments or stations may be increased indefinitely.

Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating a simple form of apparatus embodying my invention, wherein a single electric circuit is employed to magnetize the entire length of the connecting-wire of the apparatus. In this instance L L are pole-pieces, which are connected with each other by a soft-iron wire M.

N is a circuit-wire, which is wrapped about the pole-pieces and wire M, and is connected with a battery or other electric generator 1ndicated by n. The ends of the conductor N are connected with the pole-pieces L L, as indicated at n n, so that said pole-pieces and the wire M form part of the electric circuit. The conductor N is preferably wound to form two large or thick coils N N, surrounding the pole-pieces L L, so as to produce a strong magnetic condition in the said pole-pieces.

O O are diaphragms located adjacent to the pole-pieces L L in the same manner as hereinbefore described.

In Figs. 8 and 13 I have illustrated one way in which I have carried out my invention in practice. In this instance PP are two polepieces, which are connected by a core-wrreQ.

R is an electric conductor connected with the opposite poles of the battery or generator 1', and wrapped about the core-wire Q and pole-pieces P P. The extreme end of the pole-pieces of the conductor R is wound in a manner to form a thick coil or bundle of wires R, and the ends of the conduetorare connected with the pole-pieces, as indicated at r.

S S are electric conductors which surround the pole-pieces P P, and which are in circuit with local batteries 8 s. The current flowing through said conductors S S serves to reenforce or strengthen the poles of the magnet. The several conductors R and S S are covered with insulating material in their parts adjacent to the pole-pieces and core-wire.

'T T is a metal shell or casing adapted to be placed over the ends of the pole-pieces of the magnet and provided with a diaphragm U, which is located adjacent to the pole-piece when the shell is in place. The shell T is provided with an outer wall T, which covers the diaphragm and is provided with acentral aperture forming a mouth-piece for the transinitting devices. To enable the instrument to be conveniently used both for receiving as well as transmitting, the casing T is conveniently provided with a flexible tube 25', to the end of which is attached a tubular ear-piece T which may be placed against the ear and will serve to convey thereto sounds produced by the diaphragm. The casing T is herein shown as sustained by means of a stationary plate V, which is sustained by attachment to a wall, as shown, or otherwise surrounds the polepiece P. Said plate V is shown as provided with a flange 1), over which the open end of the shell may be slipped and held by frictional engagement, thereby enabling the shell and diaphragm therein to be removed and replaced when desired. V indicates a shell or covering, which maybe conveniently placed over or around the. end of the polepiece and the wire coil R thereon to protect the latter from injury when the shell T is removed.

The conductor-wires forming the electric IIO circuit in either of the cases described may be wound more or less closely about the connecting or core wire. In Figs. 7 and 8, for instance, such conductor-wire is shown as wrapped closely about the core-wire with its ad acent coils or turns in contact with each other; but in. Figs. 1, 2, and i it is shown as wound thereon in separate or open turns, and this will commonly be a preferred construction in cases where the electric circuit-conductor extends throughout the entire length of the core-wire.

I have herein shown a battery as employed as a means of generating the length of current; but other electric generatorssuch as a dynamoor magneto electric :nachincn1aybe employed for the same purpose. It will be obvious, for instance, that in telephonic apparatus employed for long distances the current from a dynamo-electric machine may be employed to maintain in magnetic condition a connecting strand or core wire of great length.

I claim as my invention- 1. A telephone embracing a magnetized strand or core extending between the transmitting and receiving points or stations, and transmitting and receiving devices comprising vibrating armatures located adjacent to the ends or poles of said magnetized strand or core, substantially as described.

2. A telephone embracing a metallic strand or core extending between the transmitting and receiving points or stations, an electric circuit comprising a coil or coils surrounding said metallic strand or core, and transmitting and receiving devices comprising vibrating arr *atnres located adjacent to the ends or poles of said strand or core, substantially as described.

3. The com ination, with a magnetized strand or core extending between transmitting andreceiiting points or stations, and a combined transmitting and receiving device comprising a diaphragm arranged adjacent to the end or pole of said strand or core, and a shell or casing surrounding the diaphragm and provided with a mouth-piece, and also with a flexible tube having an ear-piece in communication with the interior of the said shell or casing, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WVILLIAM VOGEL.

Witnesses:

O. CLARENCE PooLE, HARRY COBB KENNEDY. 

